biography

਀ ਀ ਀ ਀㰀瀀㸀䜀攀爀洀愀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀椀猀琀 眀栀漀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 唀匀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀椀猀琀 䨀愀洀攀猀 䘀爀愀渀挀欀Ⰰ 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 洀攀爀挀甀爀礀 愀琀漀洀猀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 戀漀洀戀愀爀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀戀猀漀爀戀 攀渀攀爀最礀 椀渀 搀椀猀挀爀攀琀攀 甀渀椀琀猀 ⠀漀爀 焀甀愀渀琀愀⤀⸀ 䘀漀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 琀栀攀 愀戀猀漀爀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀渀攀爀最礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 愀琀漀洀猀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 猀琀愀琀攀 戀礀 攀洀椀琀琀椀渀最 愀 瀀栀漀琀漀渀 漀昀 氀椀最栀琀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀爀漀漀昀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 琀栀攀漀爀礀 漀昀 愀琀漀洀猀 眀愀猀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 愀琀漀洀椀挀 攀渀攀爀最礀 氀攀瘀攀氀猀⸀ 䠀攀 猀栀愀爀攀搀 琀栀攀 一漀戀攀氀 倀爀椀稀攀 昀漀爀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㈀㔀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 䘀爀愀渀挀欀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 氀愀眀猀 最漀瘀攀爀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 漀昀 愀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀 甀瀀漀渀 愀渀 愀琀漀洀⸀ ਀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀䜀甀猀琀愀瘀 䠀攀爀琀稀 眀愀猀 戀漀爀渀 椀渀 䠀愀洀戀甀爀最Ⰰ 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀戀琀愀椀渀攀搀 栀椀猀 搀漀挀琀漀爀愀琀攀 椀渀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㄀⸀ 䠀攀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 愀渀 愀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 愀渀搀 戀攀最愀渀 栀椀猀 挀漀氀氀愀戀漀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 䘀爀愀渀挀欀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 漀昀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀愀氀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䠀愀氀氀攀 ㄀㤀㈀㔀ጀ㄀㤀㈀㜀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 ㄀㤀㈀㠀 琀漀 ㄀㤀㌀㔀 栀攀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀栀攀 䠀漀挀栀猀挀栀甀氀攀⸀ 䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀 漀昀 栀椀猀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 搀攀猀挀攀渀琀Ⰰ 䠀攀爀琀稀 眀愀猀 昀漀爀挀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀猀椀最渀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㌀㔀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 栀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀攀搀 椀渀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀 搀甀爀椀渀最 圀漀爀氀搀 圀愀爀 䤀䤀Ⰰ 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 愀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀攀洀攀渀猀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 䈀攀爀氀椀渀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 眀愀爀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀猀 愀渀搀 琀愀欀攀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 唀匀匀刀 琀漀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀 栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 椀渀 愀琀漀洀椀挀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀⸀ 䤀渀 ㄀㤀㔀㔀 栀攀 爀攀ⴀ攀洀攀爀最攀搀 愀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 椀渀 䰀攀椀瀀稀椀最Ⰰ 䔀愀猀琀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀礀⸀ 䠀攀 椀猀 琀栀攀 渀攀瀀栀攀眀 漀昀 䠀攀椀渀爀椀挀栀 䠀攀爀琀稀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀爀 漀昀 爀愀搀椀漀 眀愀瘀攀猀⸀ ਀㰀戀爀㸀㄀⸀ 䄀 琀栀攀漀爀礀 椀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 攀渀攀爀最礀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 戀漀琀栀 瀀愀爀琀椀挀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 眀愀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 挀爀攀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 爀愀搀椀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 攀渀攀爀最礀 昀爀漀洀 愀 戀氀愀挀欀戀漀搀礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀栀漀琀漀攀氀攀挀琀爀椀挀 攀昀昀攀挀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䈀漀栀爀 琀栀攀漀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 渀漀眀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 愀挀挀漀甀渀琀 昀漀爀 愀 眀椀搀攀 爀愀渀最攀 漀昀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 瀀栀攀渀漀洀攀渀愀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀砀椀猀琀攀渀挀攀 漀昀 搀椀猀挀爀攀琀攀 瀀愀挀欀攀琀猀 漀昀 攀渀攀爀最礀 愀渀搀 洀愀琀琀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 甀渀挀攀爀琀愀椀渀琀礀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀砀挀氀甀猀椀漀渀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀氀攀⸀

2,In physics, the theory that energy does not have a continuous range of values, but is, instead, absorbed or radiated discontinuously, in multiples of definite, indivisible units called quanta. Just as earlier theory showed how light, generally seen as a wave motion, could also in some ways be seen as composed of discrete particles (photons), quantum theory shows how atomic particles such as electrons may also be seen as having wavelike properties. Quantum theory is the basis of particle physics, modern theoretical chemistry, and the solid-state physics that describes the behaviour of the silicon chips used in computers.਀㰀⼀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀

The theory began with the work of Max Planck in 1900 on radiated energy, and was extended by Albert Einstein to electromagnetic radiation generally, including light. Danish physicist Niels Bohr used it to explain the spectrum of light emitted by excited hydrogen atoms. Later work by Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Paul Dirac, and others elaborated the theory to what is called quantum mechanics (or wave mechanics).਀ ਀㰀⼀瀀㸀 䜀甀猀琀愀瘀 䰀甀搀眀椀最 䠀攀爀琀稀 眀愀猀 戀漀爀渀 椀渀 䠀愀洀戀甀爀最 漀渀 䨀甀氀礀 ㈀㈀渀搀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㠀㜀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀漀渀 漀昀 愀 氀愀眀礀攀爀Ⰰ 䐀爀⸀ 䜀甀猀琀愀瘀 䠀攀爀琀稀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀椀猀 眀椀昀攀 䄀甀最甀猀琀攀Ⰰ 渀攀 䄀爀渀椀渀最⸀ 䠀攀 愀琀琀攀渀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 䨀漀栀愀渀渀攀甀洀 匀挀栀漀漀氀 椀渀 䠀愀洀戀甀爀最 戀攀昀漀爀攀 挀漀洀洀攀渀挀椀渀最 栀椀猀 甀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 愀琀 䜀琀琀椀渀最攀渀 椀渀 ㄀㤀　㘀㬀 栀攀 猀甀戀猀攀焀甀攀渀琀氀礀 猀琀甀搀椀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 䴀甀渀椀挀栀 愀渀搀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀Ⰰ 最爀愀搀甀愀琀椀渀最 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㄀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䄀猀猀椀猀琀愀渀琀 愀琀 琀栀攀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 漀昀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㌀ 戀甀琀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 漀渀猀攀琀 漀昀 圀漀爀氀搀 圀愀爀 䤀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 洀漀戀椀氀椀稀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㐀 愀渀搀 猀攀瘀攀爀攀氀礀 眀漀甀渀搀攀搀 椀渀 愀挀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㔀⸀ 䠀攀爀琀稀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀漀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀 愀猀 倀爀椀瘀愀琀搀漀稀攀渀琀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㜀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 ㄀㤀㈀　 琀漀 ㄀㤀㈀㔀 栀攀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀栀椀氀椀瀀猀 䤀渀挀愀渀搀攀猀挀攀渀琀 䰀愀洀瀀 䘀愀挀琀漀爀礀 愀琀 䔀椀渀搀栀漀瘀攀渀⸀ ਀ 㰀瀀㸀䤀渀 ㄀㤀㈀㔀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀愀猀 攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 刀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 愀渀搀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 漀昀 䠀愀氀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㈀㠀 栀攀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀漀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀 愀猀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䌀栀愀爀氀漀琀琀攀渀戀甀爀最 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀⸀ 䠀攀爀琀稀 爀攀猀椀最渀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀椀猀 瀀漀猀琀 昀漀爀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 爀攀愀猀漀渀猀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㌀㔀 琀漀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 琀漀 椀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀 愀猀 搀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀 漀昀 愀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀攀洀攀渀猀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 ㄀㤀㐀㔀 琀漀琀 ㄀㤀㔀㐀 栀攀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀搀 漀昀 愀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 氀愀戀漀爀愀琀漀爀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀漀瘀椀攀琀 唀渀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 栀攀 眀愀猀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 愀渀搀 䐀椀爀攀挀琀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 愀琀 琀栀攀 䬀愀爀氀 䴀愀爀砀 唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀礀 椀渀 䰀攀椀瀀稀椀最⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 攀洀攀爀椀琀甀猀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㘀㄀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀椀渀挀攀 琀栀攀渀 栀攀 栀愀猀 氀椀瘀攀搀 椀渀 爀攀琀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 昀椀爀猀琀 椀渀 䰀攀椀瀀稀椀最 愀渀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 椀渀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀⸀ ਀䠀攀爀琀稀✀猀 攀愀爀氀礀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀攀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 栀椀猀 琀栀攀猀椀猀Ⰰ 椀渀瘀漀氀瘀攀搀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀昀爀愀爀攀搀 愀戀猀漀爀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀愀爀戀漀渀 搀椀漀砀椀搀攀 椀渀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀 愀渀搀 瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀⸀ 吀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 䨀⸀ 䘀爀愀渀挀欀 栀攀 戀攀最愀渀 栀椀猀 猀琀甀搀椀攀猀 漀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀 椀洀瀀愀挀琀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㌀ 愀渀搀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 栀椀猀 洀漀戀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀攀 猀瀀攀渀琀 洀甀挀栀 瀀愀琀椀攀渀琀 眀漀爀欀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀甀搀礀 愀渀搀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀漀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀猀 椀渀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 最愀猀攀猀⸀ 䠀攀 氀愀琀攀爀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 猀攀爀椀攀猀 漀昀 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 氀椀渀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀渀攀爀最礀 氀漀猀猀攀猀 漀昀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀猀 椀渀 挀漀氀氀椀猀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀琀漀洀猀 挀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 攀渀攀爀最礀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀琀漀洀猀⸀ 䠀椀猀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 椀渀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀 䈀漀栀爀✀猀 琀栀攀漀爀礀 漀昀 愀琀漀洀椀挀 猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀攀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀 琀栀攀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 倀氀愀渀挀欀✀猀 焀甀愀渀琀甀洀 琀栀攀漀爀礀⸀ ਀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀栀㐀㸀伀渀 栀椀猀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 琀漀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㈀㠀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀愀猀 栀椀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 琀愀猀欀 琀漀 爀攀戀甀椀氀搀 琀栀攀 倀栀礀猀椀挀猀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 愀渀搀 爀攀ⴀ攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀 琀栀攀 匀挀栀漀漀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 琀椀爀攀氀攀猀猀氀礀 琀漀眀愀爀搀猀 琀栀椀猀 攀渀搀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 眀愀猀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 愀 洀攀琀栀漀搀 漀昀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀猀 漀昀 渀攀漀渀 戀礀 洀攀愀渀猀 漀昀 愀 搀椀昀昀甀猀椀漀渀 挀愀猀挀愀搀攀⸀ ਀㰀⼀栀㐀㸀㰀栀㐀㸀䠀攀爀琀稀 栀愀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 洀愀渀礀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀Ⰰ 愀氀漀渀攀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 䘀爀愀渀挀欀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 䬀氀漀瀀瀀攀爀猀Ⰰ 漀渀 琀栀攀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 攀砀挀栀愀渀最攀 漀昀 攀渀攀爀最礀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀渀猀 愀渀搀 愀琀漀洀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀漀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀猀⸀ 䠀攀 愀氀猀漀 椀猀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀 漀昀 猀漀洀攀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀 挀漀渀挀攀爀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀攀瀀愀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀猀⸀ ਀䜀甀猀琀愀瘀 䠀攀爀琀稀 椀猀 䴀攀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀漀爀爀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 䴀攀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀琀琀椀渀最攀渀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀㬀 栀攀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀 䠀漀渀漀爀愀爀礀 䴀攀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䠀甀渀最愀爀椀愀渀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 䴀攀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䌀稀攀挀栀漀猀氀漀瘀愀欀椀愀渀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䘀漀爀攀椀最渀 䴀攀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 唀⸀匀⸀匀⸀刀⸀ 䠀攀 椀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀椀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀愀砀 倀氀愀渀挀欀 䴀攀搀愀氀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 倀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀⸀ ਀㰀⼀栀㐀㸀㰀䠀㐀㸀倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 䠀攀爀琀稀 眀愀猀 洀愀爀爀椀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㄀㤀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 䔀氀氀攀渀 渀攀 䐀椀栀氀洀愀渀渀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 搀椀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㐀㄀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 栀愀搀 琀眀漀 猀漀渀猀Ⰰ 戀漀琀栀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀椀猀琀猀㨀 䐀爀⸀ 䠀攀氀氀洀甀琀栀 䠀攀爀琀稀Ⰰ 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 愀琀 琀栀攀 吀攀挀栀渀椀挀愀氀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀 椀渀 䰀甀渀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䐀爀⸀ 䨀漀栀愀渀渀攀猀 䠀攀爀琀稀Ⰰ 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 愀琀 琀栀攀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 昀漀爀 伀瀀琀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 匀瀀攀挀琀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䜀攀爀洀愀渀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 䈀攀爀氀椀渀⸀ ਀匀椀渀挀攀 ㄀㤀㐀㌀Ⰰ 倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 䠀攀爀琀稀 椀猀 洀愀爀爀椀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 䌀栀愀爀氀漀琀琀攀Ⰰ 渀攀 䨀漀氀氀愀猀猀攀⸀